Protein-protein Interaction Network of Alzheimer’s Disease from Human Hippocampal Proteome

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common dementia characterized by tangles and plaques that hippocampus as one of the primary regions of the brain affected by AD. In this study investigated network-based Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI) for hippocampal proteins that altered in AD patient's comparison with healthy control. Altered protein data were extracted from beforehand investigation which contains 245 proteins. Out of which, 105 were found to be exclusively expressed in AD; whereas 140 proteins were detected down-regulated or silenced. The differentially expressed proteins and related networks were explored using cytoscape and the PPI analysis methods such as MCODE and CluGO. AD network contains 3851 nods and 3480 edges. Important hubs are ASC, Smad8, Smad2, SnoN, KIAA1196, Smad1, RNF11, Smad3, ATF7ip and SHBG. Network analysis illustrated 22 clusters (protein complex) with distinctive seed genes. Gene ontology categories based on CluGO analysis demonstrated increasing in apoptosis, oxidoreductase activity, glutathione transferase activity and immune system process, otherwise was seen decreasing in GTPase activity and glucose metabolism. In sum up, network analysis could help to comprehend AD mechanism and discover potential biomarkers which may be helpful for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment prediction also it is necessary to find that part of these biomarkers would be able to detect in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid as more accessible biomarker. Abbreviation: Alzheimer disease(AD), Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI), Amyloid-β(Aβ), Long-term potentiation (LTP), Gene Ontology (GO), Huntington's Disease (HD), Parkinson's Disease(PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS), N-methyl-D-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA), Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Central Nervous System(CNS)